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In the Jewish diaspora, a Jewish quarter is the area of a city traditionally inhabited by Jews. Jewish quarters, like the Jewish ghettos in Europe, were often the outgrowths of segregated ghettos instituted by the surrounding Christian authorities. A Yiddish term for a Jewish quarter or neighborhood is ''"Di yiddishe gas"'' ((イディッシュ語:די ייִדדישע גאַס ) ), or "The Jewish quarter." While in Ladino, they are known as ''maalé yahudí'', meaning "The Jewish quarter". Many European and Middle Eastern cities once had a historical Jewish quarter and some still have it. Jewish quarters in Europe existed for a number of reasons. In some cases, Christian authorities wished to segregate Jews from the Christian population so that Christians would not be "contaminated" by them or so as to put psychological pressure on Jews to convert to Christianity. From the Jewish point of view, concentration of Jews within a limited area offered a level of protection from outside influences or mob violence. In many cases, residents had their own justice system. When political authorities designated an area where Jews were required by law to live, such areas were commonly referred to as ghettos, and were usually coupled with many other disabilities and indignities. The areas chosen usually consisted of the most undesirable areas of a city. In the 19th century, Jewish ghettos were progressively abolished, and their walls taken down, though some areas of Jewish concentration continued and continue to exist. In some cities, Jewish quarters refer to areas which historically had concentrations of Jews. For example, many maps of Spanish towns mark a "Jewish Quarter", though Spain hasn't had a significant Jewish population for over 500 years. However, in the course of World War II, Nazi Germany reestablished Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe (which they called Jewish quarters) for the purpose of segregation, persecution, terror, and exploitation of Jews, mostly in Eastern Europe. According to USHMM archives, "The Germans established at least 1,000 ghettos in German-occupied and annexed Poland and the Soviet Union alone."〔(Types of Ghettos. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C. )〕 ==Europe== ;Austria *Vienna — Leopoldstadt ;Belarus *Dziatlava — Zhetel ghetto ;Belgium *Antwerp — Joods Antwerpen (35,000 Jews before 1940, 15,000 nowadays) ;Czech Republic *Prague — Josefov ;France *Bordeaux — Saint-Seurin *Draguignan — (La Juiverie de Draguignan ) (fr) *Lyon — La Juiverie de Fourvière and La Guillotière *Marseille — La Carrière-des-Juifs and Mont-Juif or Montjusieu *Paris — the Pletzl in Le Marais district *Les Josiols is a former Jewish quarter situated north of Mirabel-aux-Baronnies ;Germany *Frankfurt *Leipzig (Brühl) *Speyer *Worms ;Greece *Rhodes — La Juderia ;Hungary *Budapest — Erzsébetváros ;Italy *Catania — Judeca Suprana, Judeca Suttana and Piano di Giacobbe *Enna — Iudeca (Giudecca) *Messina — Tirone and Paraporto *Naples — Giudecca *Padua — Paduan Ghetto *Palermo — Meschita and Guzzetta *Reggio Calabria — La Judeca (Giudecca) *Rome — Roman Ghetto *Syracuse — La Jureca (Giudecca) *Venice — Venetian Ghetto ;Netherlands *Amsterdam — Jodenbreestraat (until World War II) *Amsterdam — Buitenveldert (contemporary) ;Poland *Kraków — Kazimierz *Warsaw — Warsaw Ghetto ;Portugal *Belmonte — Judiaria *Castelo de Vide — Judiaria *Lisbon — Alfama and Judiaria *Oporto — Judiaria and Bairro de Monchique ;Romania *Bucharest — Văcăreşti/Dudeşti ;Spain *Avila — Judería *Barcelona — Call〔(MUHBA El Call )〕 *Bellpuig — Call *Besalú — Call *Caceres — Judería *Calahorra — Judería *Córdoba — Judería *Estella Lizarra — Judería *Girona — Call Jueu de Girona *Hervás — Judería *Jaén — Judería *León — Judería *Monforte de Lemos — Judería *Oviedo — Judería *Palma de Mallorca — Call *Plasencia — Judería *Ribadavia — Judería *Segovia — Aljama *Sevilla — Judería *Tarazona — Aljama *Toledo — Aljama *Tortosa — Call *Tudela — Judería *Valladolid — Aljama ;Turkey *European Istanbul — Balat *Izmir - Karataş ;United Kingdom *City of London — Old Jewry *Winchester — Jewry Street 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jewish quarter (diaspora)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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